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APA
Parenthetical citation: (Gleick, 1987)
Narrative citation: This is a fact, according to Gleick (1987).
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available)
Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos: Making a new science. Penguin.
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. American Psychological Association.
Title (# ed.). (Year of Publication). Publisher.
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2003). Merriam- Webster.
Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. DOI (if available)
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. Russell Sage Foundation.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K. V. Kukil, Ed.). Anchor.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# edition). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Helfer, M. E., Kempe, R. S., & Krugman, R. D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. DOI
Buhs, J. B. (2013). Camping with Bigfoot: Sasquatch and the varieties of middle-class resistance to consumer culture in late twentieth-century North America. Journal of Popular Culture, 46(1), 38–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpcu.12015
Schaefer, N. K., & Shapiro, B. (2019, September 6). New middle chapter in the story of human evolution. Science, 365(6457), 981–982. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3550
Nasar, S., & Gruber, D. (2006, August 28). Manifold destiny. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/08/28/manifold-destiny
Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of webpage. Publisher. url
Desilver, D. (2023, November 22). Online shopping has grown rapidly in U.S., but most sales are still in stores. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/11/22/online-shopping-has-grown-rapidly-in-u-s-but-most-sales-are-still-in-stores/
Organization Name. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of webpage. Publisher. url
Leslie J. Savage Library (n.d.). Citations: APA. Western Colorado University. https://library.western.edu/lib/citations-apa
Use the same formats for both print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL
Example:
WSCUniversity. (2014, February 20). The Western Way [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaWu3cCH1bo.
Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company.
Example:
Burton, T. (Director). (1994). Ed Wood [Film]. Touchstone.
In APA, no personal communication is included in your reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase "personal communication," and the date of the communication in your main text only.
Examples:
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by 
See the OWL at Purdue's videos on APA formatting!
Watch this step-by-step guide for formatting:
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